Methods of Measurement in Water Analysis

Find out more about state-of-the-art methods of measurement in water analysis and how they can document differences between revitalized and regular water.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

A scanning electron microscope is used to focus a beam of electrons on an object to scan its surface in a given pattern. The interactions between the electrons and the object are used to generate an image of the object to be magnified. The resulting images of the sampled object’s surface exhibit a very large depth of field.

 rasterelektronenmikroskop dollops abbildung7 8 1 ENG

Example of application in GRANDER® research:
observation of calcium carbonate nanoparticles in revitalized and regular water.

(Results: following a revitalization of the water with GRANDER®, DOLLOP formation was increased. DOLLOPs can act as crystal nuclei, and, as such, influence lime deposit behavior.)

 

Flow cytometry

In flow cytometry, individual cells flowing past an electric-voltage or light source (laser beams in most setups) at high speed are analyzed. Depending on the cells’ shape, structure, and color, various effects are produced, from which the properties of individual cells can be deduced.

 durchflusszytometer abbildung1 ENG

Flow cytometry takes stock of 99% of the bacteria in the water and can even distinguish between living and dead cells. The time required for testing a sample is only one hour.

Example of application in GRANDER® research:
the number of CaCO3 nanoparticles (DOLLOPs) was measured using flow cytometry.

 laser streuung durchflusszytometer abbildung5 6 1 ENG

Impedance spectroscopy

An AC current is generated in a measuring cell filled with the water to be tested. In doing so, the AC current’s frequency is modified, and the electrical AC resistance (impedance) and the phase shift of the sample are established.

 impedanz analysator abbildung3 1 ENG

Example of application in GRANDER® research:
measurement of the AC resistance (impedance).

(Results: varying with frequency, significant differences between samples of regular water and revitalized water could be observed.)

impedanzspektroskopie abbildung4 1 ENG

  • Johann Grander Sen.

    (1930 - 2012)

    "Belief in God is the most important thing for me and makes life so beautiful."

Find a GRANDER distribution in your state

×
 
You would like to have the best water in your home?

Our water experts are happy to offer a free and non-binding consultation. Contact us for your customized water concept – for the highest quality of water straight from your tap in a sustainable way.